(Sterna sandvicensis)
14 - 16 inches

photograph © James F. Parnell

Status: No special status in North Carolina.

Identification: This crested tern is slightly smaller than the Royal Tern with a similar black cap and crest. The bill is black with a yellow tip. The mantle is gray and underparts are white. Legs are black.

Nesting Habitat: In North Carolina, Sandwich Terns are always found nesting with Royal Terns. See habitat description for Royal Terns.

Breeding Biology: Adults begin to arrive at colonies in late April. Colonies vary in size from a few nests to 1,000 or more. Timing and initiation of nesting activities are similar to those of Royal Terns. Clutch size varies from one to two eggs, occasionally three. Nests and eggs are similar in color and appearance to those of Royal Terns. However, Sandwich Tern eggs are noticeably smaller. Incubation requires 20 to 23 days and chicks begin to fly at about five weeks of age. North Carolina colony sites are occupied from April to August.

Food: Food consists primarily of small fish, but also includes shrimp and squid.

State Nesting Population: Stable, approximately 2,800 nesting pairs.

Major Threats: Human disturbances at nesting sites, loss of nesting habitat, fish kills and discarded monofilament fishing line.

Waterbirds:
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Last Revision 5/21/98